docs: fix rendering of some images on build (#3832)

www/docs/src/components/CloudinaryImage/index.js

@@ -73,8 +73,6 @@ export default function CloudinaryImage ({ src, ...props }) {
   }
 
   return (
-    <p className="cloudinary-image-wrapper">
+    <MDXImg {...props} src={image.toURL()} />
-      <MDXImg {...props} src={image.toURL()} />
-    </p>
   )
 }

www/docs/src/css/_docspage.css

@@ -200,14 +200,6 @@ details > div {
   padding-right: 0 !important;
 }
 
-.cloudinary-image-wrapper {
-  display: inline-flex;
-  justify-content: center;
-  align-items: center;
-  width: 100%;
-  margin-bottom: 0;
-}
-
 @media screen and (min-width: 1419px) {
   .main-wrapper {
     min-width: var(--ifm-max-content-width);

www/docs/src/css/_typography.css

@@ -86,14 +86,6 @@ video {
   margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 
-.markdown p + p > img:not(.ui-icon) {
-  margin-top: var(--ifm-base-margin-vertical);
-}
-
-p + img:not(.ui-icon) {
-  margin-bottom: calc(var(--ifm-base-margin-vertical) * 2);
-}
-
 h1 + .cards-grid,
 h1 + .card-wrapper,
 h2 + .cards-grid,